Sustainability is the capacity to endure. For humans, sustainability is the long-term maintenance of well being, which has environmental, economic, and social dimensions, and encompasses the concept ofstewardship, the responsible management of resource use. In ecology, sustainability describes how biological systems remain diverse and productive over time, a necessary precondition for human well-being. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems.
Healthy ecosystems and
environments provide vital goods and services to humans and other organisms.
There are two major ways of managing human impact on ecosystem services. One approach is environmental management; this approach is
based largely on information gained from earth science, environmental science, and conservation biology. Another approach is
management of consumption of resources, which is based largely
on information gained fromeconomics.
Human sustainability interfaces
with economics through the social and ecological consequences of economic
activity. Moving towards sustainability is also a social challenge that
entails, among other factors, international and national law, urban planningand transport,
local and individual lifestyles and ethical consumerism. Ways of living more
sustainably can take many forms from reorganising living conditions (e.g., ecovillages, eco-municipalities and sustainable cities), to reappraising work
practices (e.g., using permaculture, green building, sustainable agriculture), or developing
new technologies that reduce the consumption of resources.
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